A review on hand hygiene complicance by medical staff of hospitals worldwide

Objectives: Hand hygiene among healthcare workers is crucial as their hands can transmit microbes between patients and the environment, leading to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). HAIs are significant challenges in healthcare facilities, with rates of 5% in Europe and 5.7% to 19.1% in low- and middle-income countries. Vietnam faces similar issues, with HAI rates ranging from 3.5% to 10% of hospital admissions. Numerous studies have shown that adherence to hand hygiene practices is essential to reducing HAIs. This study aims to i) Describe the current adherence to regular hand hygiene compliance and 2) Describe the factors influencing adherence of regular hand hygiene compliance among health staff in hospitals worldwide.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review on hand hygiene compliance. The review included original studies in English, published within the last 10 years, assessing hand hygiene compliance using an assessment tool, and analyzing related factors. 

Results: Out of 988 retrieved publications, 899 articles were excluded due to duplication or insufficient criteria. After abstract screening, 80 full-text studies were reviewed. Findings indicated generally low hand hygiene compliance, particularly in low-income countries. High-income countries had higher hand hygiene compliance rates and knowledge levels among health staff. Significant differences in compliance rates were observed before and after patient contact. The main factors influencing compliance rates were knowledge, awareness, job position, and years of experience of health staff.

Conclusions: Comprehensive training and educational programs on hand hygiene, regular monitoring, and constructive feedback are essential to improve compliance among healthcare staff and reduce HAIs, particularly in low-income regions.

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