Preventive Measures Against Monkeypox: A Scoping Review

Objectives: Monkeypox (MPX), a viral zoonotic disease, is causing current outbreaks with a rise in cases. This study aims to describe available monkeypox preventive measures and summarize their results.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review on monkeypox prevention methods. A search strategy including keywords of (1) monkeypox and (2) prevention was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase.

Results: Out of 2198 retrieved articles, 1046 duplicates were removed. After title, abstract, and full-text examination, 8 eligible studies on specific preventive measures were included. The most common monkeypox prevention methods were vaccination and health communication. Smallpox vaccines are effective, but immunity may decline over time. Film-based educational activities were successful in enhancing understanding and promoting healthy behaviors, while media campaigns had little impact.

Conclusions: Monkeypox has limited data on prevention methods for humans. Future research on the effectiveness of these vaccines in humans, the relationship between vaccine efficacy and time since immunization, and the requirement to more thoroughly evaluate the impact of media campaigns are essential. 

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